Polska miejscowość w Turcji: analiza przestrzenna Polonezköy w zakresie zabudowy mieszkaniowej, związków kulturowych i miasta

Emine Banu Burkut

doi:10.37190/arc250105

Streszczenie

Polonezköy (Adampol) to osada wchodząca w obręb dzielnicy Beykoz w Stambule w Turcji. Powstała w połowie XIX w. w wyniku historycznych i politycznych kontaktów między Imperium Osmańskim a Polską. Zabudowa mieszkalna Polonezköy przyciąga uwagę swoją strukturą i charakterystyką przestrzenną. Kwestie, które przeanalizowano w tym artykule, to rozplanowanie domów, projektowanie, układ i cechy przestrzenne.

Kluczowymi czynnikami ocenianymi w relacjach domów z Polonezköy z naturą są takie elementy jak regionalny styl, projektowanie zgodne z warunkami środowiskowymi, wykorzystanie naturalnych materiałów, wpływ na wrażenia zmysłowe i szacunek do natury. Budownictwo to ma wiele cech ekologicznych, takich jak wykorzystanie lokalnych materiałów w zespołach mieszkalnych, łącznie z projektowaną zielenią, ochrona istniejących założeń zieleni i połączenie założenia w harmonijny sposób z naturą. Cechy kulturowe i przestrzenne budynków mieszkalnych w Polonezköy różnią się od cech innych budynków w mieście. W trakcie prac wykonano badania terenowe i fotografie, określono cechy budynków i przeprowadzono wywiady z ich użytkownikami. W wyniku tych działań autorka opracowała zestawienie architektonicznych i przestrzennych cech osady. Badania mają na celu ukazanie relacji między Turcją a Polską poprzez cechy architektoniczne i określenie obecnej sytuacji. Ponadto zawarto w pracy ważne dane dla badaczy, pracowników naukowych, studentów i osób zainteresowanych tematem. Walorem pracy jest zebranie literatury przedmiotu i przedstawienie badań terenowych.

Słowa kluczowe:
polonezköy
adampol
stambuł
turcja
architektura mieszkaniowa
miasto
dziedzictwo

Podgląd pełnego artykułu jest możliwy wyłącznie na większych ekranach.

2025

1(81)

Emine Banu Burkut*

A Polish village in Turkey:

A spatial analysis of Polonezköy

in the context of housing, city, and cultural relationships

DOI: 10.37190/arc250105

Published in open access. CC BY NC ND license

Abstract

Polonezköy (Adampol) is a settlement in the Beykoz district of Istanbul, Turkey. Polonezköy was established in the mid-19

century as a result

of historical and political relations between the Ottomans and Poland. The residences in Polonezköy attract attention with their structural and spatial

characteristics. The issues to be examined in this article are the houses’ design, planning, layout, and spatial features. Determining the parameters of

the contact between houses in Polonezköy and nature, the criteria of local/regional style, design suitable for environmental conditions, use of natural

materials, establishing sensory experience, and respectful stance towards nature will be evaluated. It has ecological features such as using local ma-

terials in the residences, including vegetation in the design, protecting the existing green area, and integrating the residence in harmony with nature.

The cultural, and spatial characteristics of Polonezköy residential buildings dier from those of other buildings in the settlement. The method to be

applied in the research is creating a historical record through eld research, photographs of the buildings, determination of their features, and inter-

views with their users. It will present a spatial feature sheet regarding the spatial features created by the author in the research area. The research aims

to reveal the relations between Turkey and Poland through architectural features and determine the current situation. In addition, important data will

be presented for researchers, academicians, students, and those interested in the subject. The unique aspect of this research is that it reveals general

literature on the subject and is current eld research.

Key words: Polonezköy (Adampol), Istanbul, residential architecture, city, heritage

Introduction

Polonezköy (Adampol) is a signicant destination for

Istanbul and Turkey because of its natural structure, tra-

ditional lifestyle, and extensive historical and cultural

qualities. Polonezköy, chosen as the research location, is

a destination that has grown in strategic importance and

has been maintained for generations. Although Polonezköy

settlement is well connected to the city by transit, it is an

important settlement in terms of lifestyle and socioeconom-

ic conditions Polonezköy’s preferability grows due to its

ability to provide urban residents with a rural lifestyle from

many cultures via tourism. Polonezköy’s natural plant life,

animals, traditional life, local products, cycling trails, su-

perior lodging facilities, and food and beverage establish-

ments all contribute to the growth of tourism. Furthermore,

preserving the historic village texture as well as natural

and cultural features enhances its tourism attractiveness.

Especially in immigrant settlements, religious beliefs are

among the important socio-cultural factors that shape tra-

ditional life. In the settlement of Polonezköy, which has

existed on these lands for centuries, the people of Polonez-

köy, despite the changing social environment, still pre-

serve the places where they perform their religious rituals

and worship in harmony. An example of this can be seen in

the mutual positioning of the church and the mosque. The

same example can be seen in Kuzgucuk, Istanbul, where

the church, mosque, and synagogue are side by side, ex-

pressing unity and harmony for citizens of dierent ethnic

backgrounds.

According to Marek Bodziany and Ahmet Köstekçi (2015),

Poles who were forced to ee their homeland found safety

* ORCID: 0000-0003-0252-4054. Faculty of Art, Design and

Architecture, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey,

e-mail: ebburkut@fsm.edu.tr

48 Emine Banu Burkut

in the Ottoman Empire, where the Ottomans protected

them prior to the conict. In 1842, the protected Poles were

granted a eld in Istanbul. Prince Adam Czartoryski con-

structed a village in the area. The village’s Turkish name is

“Polonezköy”, and it is part of the Beykoz district (Bodzia-

ny, Köstekçi 2015). Cihan Erdönmez and Seçil Erol (2009)

examine the socioeconomic phases of Polonezköy. Accord-

ing to them, they analysed the phases of socioeconomic

change in Polonezköy in three categories (Erdönmez, Erol

2009). These categories are: rst period: 1842–1800’s end

of the years’ pure agricultural society and income sources:

agricultural production, livestock, hunting, aid from Po-

land; second phase: 1900’s. It was dened as a transitional

society in the early 1960s. In this period, retirement, ag-

ricultural production, animal husbandry, and trade were

prominent. The third period is dened as a modern society.

Also, tourism and recreation are the region’s sources of in-

come in this period (Erdönmez, Erol 2010).

The word for “Polonez” is related to Polish in Turkish,

and “köy” means “village”, hence the meaning is “ Polish

Village”. The original name “Adampol” refers to the found-

er, Adam Czartoryski, and means “the land of Adam” (Er-

dön mez, Erol 2010). Despite being a centralized village,

Polonezköy has had a remarkable evolution, as evidenced

by many researchers (Adamska 2004; Antonowics-Bauer

2006; Latka 1991; 1992). The main sources related to the

village of Polonezköy were the main sources of data for

the preparation of the study (Karaköse 2018; Demirsar

Arlı, Kaya 2017; Dopierała 1983). This study focuses on

the process of change in Polonezköy Village’s housing and

architectural design.

Methodology

Mixed methods were used in this study. The qualitative

method involves researchers taking extensive eld notes,

observations, and interviews about what they encounter in

the research eld. The relevant eldwork was conducted

by the author in August 2024. The research area, Polonez-

köy, was archived and photographed by the author of the

article. In addition, the headman of the settlement and res-

idents of the settlement were observation and notes were

taken. Information was obtained from individuals who

have lived in Polonezköy for many years. The method to

be applied in the research is to create a historical record

through observation, determination of the current situa-

tion, and archival analysis. This article aims to investigate

the architectural development of the houses in Polonezköy

Village as well as their cultural and tourism potential.

Location of Polonezköy

Polonezköy is located in the Marmara Region, on Is-

tanbul’s Anatolian side. Polonezköy, often known as

Adampol, is a neighbourhood in Istanbul’s Beykoz district

and municipality. The village is 15 km from the Bosphorus

and 23 km from the Black Sea (Fig. 1). It is located within

a forest (175 ha).

Fig. 1. Location map

of Polonezköy village.

Author created this map

from the archives of the Istanbul

Metropolitan Municipality

(IBB 2024)

Il. 1. Położenie wioski Polonezköy.

Opracowanie autorki

na podstawie archiwów

Metropolii Stambułu (IBB 2024)

A Polish village in Turkey: A spatial analysis of Polonezköy in the context of housing, city, and cultural relationships 49

Polonezköy Village Settlement Area

Conservation Application Zoning Plan

(Beykoz, İstanbul)

Polonezköy is a signicant feature of Istanbul’s natural

and cultural heritage. The Conservation Purpose Imple-

mentation Zoning Plan aims to make conservation-orient-

ed decisions for land use, building densities, reinforcement

areas, and transportation networks that are consistent with

the Polonezköy Nature Park Long-Term Development

Plan’s objectives. The plan seeks to establish common use

spaces that encourage cultural activities, particularly those

promoting the local population’s Polish history, while also

incorporating historical and ecological qualities into the

social fabric. It also prioritizes the safeguarding of existing

and projected investments, taking into account public and

institutional criticism. Residential and tourism develop-

ments within the planning area are intended to be in accor-

dance with the natural and historical framework, thereby

protecting the region’s ecological and cultural integrity.

Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment Urbaniza-

tion and Climate Change and The Governorship of Istanbul

provides the following information about Polonezköy:

Po-

lonezköy Nature Park contains all the natural plant species

of Istanbul. For example, there are pine species, chestnut,

hornbeam, oak, beech, linden, and in the lower layer there

are laurel, big nuts, black nuts, cotoneaster, deer thorn,

rethorn. There are Pheasant and Partridge Breeding Sta-

tion and Deer and Roe Deer Breeding Station within the

Natural Park. There are animals such as red deer, roe deer,

wild boar, jackal, fox, squirrel, squirrel, marten, weasel,

pheasant, partridge, hawk, falcon, blackbird, goldnch,

steppe, owl in the nature park (CSB 2024). Academic and

researchers’ studies have been conducted

on the planning,

current transportation, and architecture of Polonezköy. In

these studies, plans were prepared to present the region’s

potential (Figs. 2, 3).

Evaluation of the architectural features

of Polonezköy

The information board of Aunt Zosia’s memorial home

(Dom Pamięci Cioci Zosi) features a text about Polonezköy

dwellings. The rst settlements associated with Polonez

köy dwellings were said to be extremely basic, built on the

ground without a foundation and mainly made of chest-

nut tree stumps with one room (MarszałekKawa, Burak

2016; Moser, Korstjens 2017). It is stated that benches

made of cut chestnut trees and stumps were used for sit-

ting in the houses. In the following years, a dierent con-

struction technique was applied in the construction of the

houses: the skeleton was reinforced with rafters placed

laterally, longitudinally, and diagonally; poles driven into

the ground were formed at the corners; and the walls were

built of branches covered with clay. Roofs usually had

four slopes. The ceilings, which were covered with straw

for many years, were made with sticks covered with straw

and clay; red clay was used as oor material. The windows

in Polonezköy houses are small and consist of four panes

of glass. The exterior and interior walls of the houses are

painted white, as in Poland, and the interior walls up to half

a meter from the ground are painted with red clay.

The houses were built with these techniques over the

years. In later years, larger houses with porches and vesti-

bules in front and wooden oors began to be built. The roofs

were covered in sheet metal or tiles starting in the middle

of the 20

century. Large orchards, fruit trees, and owers

built from chestnut tree wood surrounded the residences,

Fig. 2. Current situation analysis of Polonezköy (Adampol)

in Beykoz, Istanbul (source: Promer 2014)

Il. 2. Analiza aktualnej sytuacji Polonezköy (Adampol)

w Beykoz w Stambule (źródło: Promer 2014)

Fig. 3. 1/5000 Scale Conservation Master Plan of Polonezköy (Adampol)

in Beykoz, Istanbul (source: Promer 2014)

Il. 3. Plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego w strefie ochronnej

Polonezköy (Adampol) w dzielnicy Beykoz w Stambule,

w skali 1:5000 (źródło: Promer 2014)

50 Emine Banu Burkut

which were set back from the road. Flower gardens adorned

the front of the house. A well sat in the centre of the garden,

and behind the house were the farm buildings, barn, and

chicken house. Livestock was reared, and crops such as po-

tatoes, rye, corn, and wheat were grown. There was produc-

tion of charcoal. Originally, people and commodities were

transported by foot or horse-drawn carriages; but thereafter,

people and goods were transported in cars. The architectural

features of Adampol traditional houses (domy adampolskie)

are written on a panel on the wall and Adampol’s traditional

house plan can be seen in a 1/100 scale. The architectural

features of Adampol traditional houses (domy adampolskie)

are written on a panel on the wall

Adampol Houses: The huts of the rst settlers were very sim-

ple, built directly on the ground, without a foundation, from massive

chestnut trunks, usually single-roomed. Heaters were used for sleeping,

tree trunks and carved benches for sitting. Later, a half-timbered con-

struction was used. The framework was formed by pillars driven into

the ground at the corners, reinforced with transverse, longitudinal, and

diagonal beams. The walls were formed by interlaced branches clad in

clay. For many years, the roofs, mostly hipped, were covered only with

straw, while the fascia was made of straw and clay-laden rods. The oor

was made of clay – a threshing oor made of red clay. Windows were

small and four-paned. Houses and interiors were whitewashed as in

Poland; the interiors were painted (at 0.5 m from the bottom) with red

clay. Houses were erected in this way for several decades. Then larger

buildings were built, with porches, vestibules, and plank oors. From

the 1930s onward, roofs were covered with tiles or sheet metal, and the

last straw thatches disappeared in the village in the 1970s. The houses,

which were erected at some distance from the road, were surrounded by

extensive gardens, fruit orchards, and chestnut wood fences. The farm-

yards were decorated with ower gardens. Outbuildings were placed at

the back, behind the residential house. In the middle of the yard was

a well. Crops grown included wheat, oats, corn, rye, and potatoes. The

following were raised: pigs, sheep, cattle, and poultry. Charcoal was

burned. Transport was initially carried out on foot or by horse. Later,

ladder carts were built for transporting goods and chardaks (carts with

a special seat on springs and a canvas canopy) for transporting people.

There was no local costume, in the summer the residents went barefoot,

in the winter they wore boarskin boots with the hair on the outside (Zoa

Rizi Memorial House’s archive, photo by E.B. Burkut, 2024).

Evaluation of the architectural features

of Polonezköy (Adampol)

According to Bakırcı’s (2015) study, Polonezköy’s spa-

tial structure, sociocultural changes, and development of

housing are categorized into four stages. The table shows

the features of each spatial development category (Table 1).

The settlement expands into the woodland region to

meet all residential needs. However, the village has two

main streets, and the fact that they connect them is the

most obvious limiting factor for the village’s future. These

main streets are lined with private residences of Polish and

Turkish citizens (some of which are used to accommodate

tourists), a picnic area, hotels, restaurants, shops, and tra-

ditional houses in the village square.

Zofia Rizi Memorial House

The Zoa Rizi (Zoa Ryży) Memorial House, one of

the oldest houses in Polonezköy, is open to the public. This

house was used to store photographs and records about the

village and the family. Wincenty Rizi, Zoa Rizi’s father,

built the Memorial House between 1881 and 1883. The Rizi

family owned one of the most opulent residences in the

village. This house, which embodies the typical Polish vil-

lage house architecture of the time, has retained all of its

originality (Fig. 5).

This house, which is seen as a symbol of friendliness in

PolishTurkish relations, has also hosted ocial visits to

Polonezköy. The Zoa Rizi Memorial House is frequently

visited by Turkish and Polish government representatives

during ocial visits to Polonezköy. It is also a popular

destination for tourists from Poland and other countries,

with mentions on the internet, in books, and on sightsee-

ing tours. Michal Czajkowski was the originator of this

concept, which was realized with the establishment of the

House of Remembrance in Polonezköy in the 1940s. Win-

centy Ryży, who had returned from captivity in Siberia,

1842–1900 Between 1842 and 1900, homes and their extensions were built solely to suit the community’s fundamental necessities.

Residences were built only, and their slanted roofs, which resembled Polish rural residence architecture, were covered

in grass (Fig. 4). During this time, land was organized for agricultural and livestock production in accordance with

traditional Polish practice.

1901–1970 From 1900 until 1970, new homes were built as lodging houses, or old ones were remodelled. Residents were not allowed

to possess land at this time, and the number of houses that could be built was limited to those where a need could be

shown. Therefore, guest cottages were occasionally made out of barns and storage buildings.

1971–1994 The village’s residential architecture and land use saw significant modifications during the third stage, which lasted from

1970 to 1994. Multistory reinforced concrete homes, or villas, took the role of traditional homes, which had low fences

surrounding them, gardens, steeply sloping roofs, and were typically two stories.

1995–2024

The main reason for of change was […] the locals’ decision to build second homes based on their aesthetic tastes on land

purchased from Polonezköy homeowners […] in this period (Bakırcı 2015, 162). These dwellings were almost completely

separated from village life because they were only used for a few months of the year and were disconnected from

the community framework. Also, these periods built hotels and apartment buildings. Also, after 1994, the previous

period’s fast restructuring slowed when the community and its surroundings were named a Natural Park. In addition,

natural park restrictions limit house construction along obvious lines.

Table 1. Spatial changes of Polonezköy village house in periods (elaborated by E.B. Burkut based on Bakirci 2015)

Tabela 1. Zmiany przestrzenne domu wiejskiego w Polonezköy w różnych okresach (oprac. E.B. Burkut na podstawie Bakirci 2015)

A Polish village in Turkey: A spatial analysis of Polonezköy in the context of housing, city, and cultural relationships 51

kept Polish customs alive at his house. It is appreciated

by tourists to the village and has an attractive garden. The

Zoa Rizi Memorial House houses records, photographs,

books, memories, and remembrances from Polonezköy’s

history (Fig. 6).

Polonezköy Culture House

Polonezköy Culture House, located right beyond the

Polonezköy plaza on the side of the main road, is home to

the “Polart Gallery” and “Polonezköy Library,” as well as

Fig. 4. Thatch roof house in Polonezköy and image of a dwelling from the early settlement in Polonezköy’s house (at the end of the 1800s)

(source: Latka 1992, 110)

Il. 4. Dom kryty strzechą i zdjęcie gospodarstwa z czasów wczesnego osadnictwa w Polonezköy (koniec XIX w.)

(źródło: Latka 1992, 110)

Fig. 5. Zofia Rizi Memorial House: a) signage, b) entrance (photo by E.B. Burkut, 2024)

Il. 5. Dom Pamięci Zofii Rizi: a) oznakowanie, b) wejście (fot. E.B. Burkut, 2024)

Fig. 6. Zofia Rizi Memorial House interior of the house: a) living room, b) bedroom, c) hall

(photo by E.B. Burkut, 2024)

Il. 6. Dom Pamięci Zofii Rizi – wnętrze: a) salon, b) sypialnia, c) hol

(fot. E.B.Burkut, 2024)

b c

52 Emine Banu Burkut

many cultural and social activities held throughout the year.

The Cherry Festival, considered to be one of Istanbul’s sig-

nicant festivals, is held annually in June at Polonezköy’s

Culture House (Fig. 7). A range of cultural events, exhi-

bitions, and concerts are held throughout the festival, in

addition to performances by Polish folklore teams. An es-

sential revenue stream for Polonezköy is tourism. Beyond

these, some other noteworthy places are Polonezköy’s

Natural Park, Corn Maze Istanbul, County Club, Polonez-

köy Zoo Park, Polonezköy Open Air Wood Arts Exhibi-

tion, Polonezköy Mosque (Masjid Rogalijd), Polonezköy

Church (Czestochowa’s Mother Mary Church), and Glass

Workshop. Polonezköy’s urban and geographical features

contribute to its popularity with national and international

tourists, institutions, and organizations for events like sym-

posiums, seminars, and conferences.

Polonezköy houses and architectural features

Polonezköy residences are currently used as a holiday

destination. This proposal is an ecological site with 22

dwellings maintaining a green texture. Inspired by the ar-

chitect houses, these houses feature chimneys, replaces,

large tin tanks with heating functions, wooden façade ele-

ments, tile roofs, shutters, and arched small windows. They

are organic structures in the green and forest, and many

trees were planted during the project to respect nature (Sa-

lihoğlu, Şenyurt 2023). The project’s residences are highly

compact and modest, with ground and mezzanine oors,

yet have a spatial arrangement that contains all fundamen-

tal functions and can easily accommodate a family for an

extended period. Polonezköy Houses is more of a week-

end chalet than a summer home, with single, row, and twin

houses that resemble a little mountain village. The dwell-

ings created in the green texture established by the architect

in the project are made of stone and wood. They were, nev-

ertheless, designed to work in harmony with nature. The

project is located in a forest and is a green area. When the

project’s oor plans are studied, they reveal an octagonal

plan type for the base oor and an upper plan type. The

ground level features an open and closed terrace, kitchen,

living room, master bedroom, hall, shower, and WC. On

the upper oor, there are two bedrooms and a toilet.

Summary

To summarize, considering the criteria examined in this

research, the region has many advantages. Pinar Bollukcu

and Gökçe Zevit (2018) evaluated the tourism of Polonez-

köy in their research. Accordingly, Polonezköy supports

cultural tourism with cultural events such as the Cherry

Festival organized in the past and its exemplary structure

where Turkish-Polish cultures live in harmony. Traditional

handicraft production and the partially preserved settle-

ment texture oer an authentic atmosphere, while the con-

tinuation of agricultural activities provides opportunities

for ecotourism. Oering a relaxing environment to visi-

tors with its daily recreation areas, Polonezköy is a valu-

able destination for sustainable tourism where natural and

cultural richness is blended. Its important features include:

1. Production of Handicrafts: Unique local crafts that

reect the region’s cultural heritage.

2. Harmonious Coexistence of Polish and Turkish Cul-

tures: A multicultural environment showcasing a blend of

traditions and lifestyles.

3. Partial Preservation of Traditional Settlement Tex-

ture: Retained architectural and settlement patterns that

add charm and authenticity.

Partial Continuation of Traditional Way of Life: Ele-

ments of traditional living still practiced by the community.

5. Spaces for Daily Recreational Activities: Facilities

for relaxation, picnics, and family outings.

6. Agricultural Activities: Active farming that supports

agrotourism and maintains a rural atmosphere.

Natural Structure: Polonezköy has a natural structure

surrounded by forests and is suitable for nature tourism.

8. Traditional Lifestyle: Traditional lifestyle and cul-

tural elements are preserved, oering visitors an authentic

experience.

9. Rich History and Culture: It is an important attrac-

tion centre for both local and foreign tourists with its his-

torical and cultural values.

10. Proximity to Istanbul: Being a well-known tourism

and recreation centre within Istanbul provides easy access.

11. Transportation Infrastructure: Access is easy thanks

to its proximity to major transportation hubs and adequate

infrastructure.

Fig. 7. POLDER Polonezköy Culture House building: a) front façade and garden, b) entrance (photo by E.B. Burkut, 2024),

c) cherry festival and Polish dance ((source: www.polonezkoy.com)

Il. 7. Dom Kultury POLDER w Polonezköy: a) fasada frontowa i ogród, b) wejście (fot. E.B. Burkut, 2024),

c) święto wiśni i polski taniec (źródło: https://polonezkoy.com)

a b c

A Polish village in Turkey: A spatial analysis of Polonezköy in the context of housing, city, and cultural relationships 53

12. Proximity to Bosphorus and Other Touristic Points:

It is close to the Bosphorus and popular tourist spots such

as Riva, Ağva, and Şile.

13. Potential for Cooperation with Poland: Opportuni-

ties to host visitors from Poland and develop cooperation

projects with Poland.

14. Environmental Conditions: The lifestyle and envi-

ronmental conditions outside the metropolis provide a qui-

et and peaceful alternative.

Conclusion

This article examines Polonezköy’s cultural heritage,

residential architecture, and spatial characteristics. The ar-

chitectural structure of Polonezköy has preserved its tradi-

tional texture for many years, and dierentiations in con-

struction systems are observed with modernization. Despite

this, it is seen that the urban architectural and structural tex-

ture of Polonezköy is preserved, and high-rise buildings are

not included. In harmony with nature, it has become a place

frequently visited by local and international tourists. In re-

cent years, it has become a remarkable settlement with rec-

reational areas such as hotels, pensions, walking areas, and

a zoo. Within the scope of this research, interviews were

conducted with local people, the mukhtar, business own-

ers, and venue users. Most of the visuals of the places were

taken by the author. It might be argued that the area has its

own historical, cultural, and social strata and is a settlement

worth studying. For future research, it is advised that the

area host programs that support its historical texture, cultur-

al texture, and inter-country ties. Furthermore, it is feasible

to state that the friendship between the two countries, cul-

tural communication, and the culture of coexistence of the

two peoples have persisted for many years. The number of

projects being developed to promote relations between Po-

land and Turkey, as well as interactions between the two

nations’ peoples, should expand.

Polonezköy has emphasized land settlement, design so -

lutions that are consistent with summer and winter climatic

conditions, and spatial uses that are connected with na-

ture. Cultural attachment has been noticed throughout the

historical process through the usage of particular textures

and materials. In the spatial focus, the desire to establish

visual contact with nature, which goes hand in hand with

the desire to get away from the city and bring it indoors as

much as possible, the desire to establish continuity between

spaces, the goal of organic construction that disappears in

the green, and the goal of creating social spaces were all

prominent. In this study, the criteria examined will contrib-

ute to the architectural and interdisciplinary academic liter-

ature on the dynamics of nature, people, and interior space

in terms of historical conditions, planning, and architectural

parameters. The future should aim to increase the number of

increasingly intense economic contacts, labour market and

educational cooperation between Turkey and Poland shared

by the countries in this region, political and international

social and cultural contacts, and research to strengthen cul-

tural relationships between Turkey and Poland.

Acknowledgements

The author of the article studied at Wrocław University of Science and

Technology, Department of Architecture, as an Erasmus student in 2009.

We would like to thank the distinguished academicians, educators, the

international relations oce, and the Polish people for their hospitality

during the Erasmus education process. In addition, it can be said that

Polish-Turkish relations have been maintained in harmony for centuries

and that they still uphold historical ties today. This article is intended to

contribute to researchers in the eld.

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Streszczenie

Polska miejscowość w Turcji: analiza przestrzenna Polonezköy

w zakresie zabudowy mieszkaniowej, związków kulturowych i miasta

Polonezköy (Adampol) to osada wchodząca w obręb dzielnicy Beykoz w Stambule w Turcji. Powstała w połowie XIX w. w wyniku histo-

rycznych i politycznych kontaktów między Imperium Osmańskim a Polską. Zabudowa mieszkalna Polonezköy przyciąga uwagę swoją strukturą

i charakterystyką przestrzenną. Kwestie, które przeanalizowano w tym artykule, to rozplanowanie domów, projektowanie, układ i cechy przestrzenne.

Kluczowymi czynnikami ocenianymi w relacjach domów z Polonezköy z naturą są takie elementy jak regionalny styl, projektowanie zgodne z wa-

runkami środowiskowymi, wykorzystanie naturalnych materiałów, wpływ na wrażenia zmysłowe i szacunek do natury. Budownictwo to ma wiele

cech ekologicznych, takich jak wykorzystanie lokalnych materiałów w zespołach mieszkalnych, łącznie z projektowaną zielenią, ochrona istniejących

założeń zieleni i połączenie założenia w harmonijny sposób z naturą. Cechy kulturowe i przestrzenne budynków mieszkalnych w Polonezköy różnią

się od cech innych budynków w mieście. W trakcie prac wykonano badania terenowe i fotograe, określono cechy budynków i przeprowadzono

wywiady z ich użytkownikami. W wyniku tych działań autorka opracowała zestawienie architektonicznych i przestrzennych cech osady. Badania mają

na celu ukazanie relacji między Turcją a Polską poprzez cechy architektoniczne i określenie obecnej sytuacji. Ponadto zawarto w pracy ważne dane dla

badaczy, pracowników naukowych, studentów i osób zainteresowanych tematem. Walorem pracy jest zebranie literatury przedmiotu i przedstawienie

badań terenowych.

Słowa kluczowe: Polonezköy (Adampol), Stambuł, architektura mieszkaniowa, miasto, dziedzictwo