Town-museum. Impression of Normandy

The healing effect of the climate and sea baths has been

highly appreciated since antiquity and spending vacation

by the sea has been primarily the British tradition dating

back to the 18

FHQWXU\7KH¿UVWEDWKIDFLOLWLHVZHUHGH-

veloped there and the guests could take a bath in the North

Sea or drink tea. With the advance of rail transport at the

beginning of the 19

FHQWXU\WKHFRDVWZDVRSHQHGWRHYH-

U\ERG\QRWRQO\HOLWHV7UDYHOLQJE\WUDLQSURYHGHI¿FLHQW

and inexpensive both for short excursions and vacation

trips.

6LPLODU WUHQGV ZHUH ZLWQHVVHG RQ WKH RWKHU VLGH RI

the English Channel, on the coast of Belgium and north

France. Sea resorts appeared there, e.g. famous Ostend, as

ZHOODVDQXPEHURIVPDOOHUFKDUPLQJWRZQVDOWKRXJKRI-

WHQWKH\ORRNHGWKHVDPH8VXDOO\WKH\ZRXOGKDYHEURDG

SURPHQDGHVZLWKQDUURZWDOOEXLOGLQJVDORQJWKHVHDIDF-

ing the sea. In general in the summer they offered accom-

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SURYLGHURRP IRUPDQ\ EHGVDQG DOLYLQJ URRPDOZD\V

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to the sea esplanade or near the beach by the streets going

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QDQWYHUWLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHIDoDGHVZDVQRWPRQRWR-

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GHWHUPLQHGWKHFKDUDFWHURIWKHWRZQV7KHDSSHDUDQFHRI

WKHIDoDGHVZDVDSULRULW\DQGGHPRQVWUDWHGRULJLQDOLW\WR

satisfy the diversity of tastes, needs, and requirements of

the people visiting the popular beaches.

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Town-museum. Impression of Normandy

The shore of the English Channel

Mers-les-Baines

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ORFDWHGFORVHWRRQHDQRWKHU(X/H7UpSRUW0HUVOHV

Baines.

Belle Epoque

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WKHVHDZDVPHQWLRQHGDOUHDG\LQWKH

century as Ul-

teruis Portum; its name derives from even older Roman

name Ultrensis Portus, meaning port that is beyond.

7KH¿UVWLPSRUWDQWLQYHVWPHQWLQ0HUVOHV%DLQHVZDV

DFDVLQR EXLOW LQ DQG RQ -XO\   D UDLOURDG

WUDFN ZDV EXLOWWR UHDFK WKDW SODFH IURP (X7UpSRUW>@

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a sea resort highly popular among Parisians. The unique

architecture of the villas built at that time marked the be-

2012

No. 2(32)

DOI: 10.5277/arc120202

8 0DULD-ĩ\FKRZVND

ginning of Art Nouveau, DVLJQL¿FDQWFXUUHQWLQGHFRUDWLYH

art of the turn of the 19

DQG

centuries. The buildings

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tecture is a combination of beautiful local traditions and

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ings still exist and they are the only such group of architec-

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VLQFHSURWHFWLRQ]RQHRIPHWHUUDGLXVDURXQGRip Villa

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RGZLOOLRip RGĨUyGáR>@

Architecture of the seaside resort

Due to its exceptionally rich, comprehensive, and di-

verse urban and architectural legacy in the scope of his-

torical summer vacation buildings and balneological fa-

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neo-regionalism also called Anglo-Flemish style or Seces-

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incorrect renovation activities.

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istration of Rip Villa RQWKH/LVWRI+LVWRULFDO%XLOGLQJVLQ

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Rip Villa>@ORFDWHGE\WKHVHDDW*pQpUDO/HFOHUF

HVSODQDGHIRUPHUO\esplanade de la PlageZDVEXLOWDI-

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The name of the house derives from the name of Rip

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based on the motifs of a Dutch legend describing a story of

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The story is set in the 19

century.

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The original interior layout in Rip Villa has been pre-

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of the house have been remodeled, usually divided into

smaller apartments. The spatial layout of the interior is

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recessed in relation to the rest of the façade. The rooms

farther in the apartments have indirect lighting exposure or

from a little back yard. The staircase is exposed to the light

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needed functions in a small space is still clear and rather

UDUHQRZDGD\VRip Villa is in that respect unique as since

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typical houses and villas to be rented, built in the neo-re-

gional convention also called Anglo-Flemish, sometimes

richly decorated and, on the other hand, the buildings in

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themselves.

Claire de Lune Villa, one of three segments of a big-

ger building originally designed to be rented to vacation-

SURYLGHDXQLTXHFOLPDWHRIWKHWRZQDQDXWKHQWLFGRFX-

ment of that era perfectly preserved and maintained.

Town-museum. Impression of Normandy 9

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RWKHUWZRDUHLe Tourbillon and Le CrépusculeZKLFKZHUH

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still presents the model characteristic features of the con-

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WKHZKROH IDoDGH7KH URRIZDV SDUWO\FRYHUHG ZLWKÀDW

tiles and partly slates. The functional layout is simple and

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façade. The decorations of the façade and the decorations

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an open balcony, more moderated and elegant that almost

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The façade is predominantly made of brick combined

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Together, they compose a harmonized, original façade.

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In respect of the materials used, it should be stressed

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ments.

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)LJClaire de Lune Villa SKRWRE\0-ĩ\FKRZVND

,O:LOODClaire de Lune IRW0-ĩ\FKRZVND

Architecture of the town

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IRUFRPPHUFLDO SXUSRVHV)RU LQVWDQFH WKH WZLQ YLOOD La

Mésange, built at the end of the 19

FHQWXU\DW+HQUL/HE-

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axis façade of both villas corresponds to the circulation

and residential parts of the house. The hierarchy of the fol-

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forged balustrades and prominent lintels. The uppermost

ÀRRUKDVVLPSOHZLQGRZVZLWKQREDOXVWUDGHV$ERYHWKH

brick cornice line, there are dormers. The colors are sim-

SOHFRPELQDWLRQRIEULFNHOHPHQWVRIOLJKWFRQFUHWHDQG

OLJKWMRLQHU\HOHPHQWV7KHWXUTXRLVHFOD\FDERFKRQVDGG

OLIHWRWKHZKROHVWUXFWXUH7KHPHWDOEDOXVWUDGHVWKDWGHF-

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In general, the façades are rather simple in comparison

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nies and as such they are a good example of that style char-

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ers from that time.

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lence of the 19

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-century French arts and crafts. It

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and original ceramic details of various provenance. They

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accentuate for instance the rhythm by the patterns of color-

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tures, accentuating the load bearing elements such as the

keystones in the lintels. They decorate roofs and façades

ZLWKWLPHOHVVDOOHJRULHV$SDUWIURPWKHLUVWULFWO\GHFRUD-

tive purpose, those architectural ceramic elements convey

some information too as they include symbols and signs

DOOXGLQJWRWKHQDPHRIWKHWRZQRUGLVWLQFWLYHEUDQFKHV

of its economy.

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,O'ZXURG]LQQDZLOODLa Mésange,ĨUyGáR>@

6SHFL¿FFKDUDFWHURIWKHWRZQ

7KHDUFKLWHFWXUDOUHVRXUFHVRIWKHWRZQDUHFDUHIXOO\VH-

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Each investment or renovation in the protected area re-

quires special permits both from the municipal authorities

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RIWKHSURMHFWZLWKWKHVSLULWRIDJLYHQVHFWRUDQGLWVGRPL-

nant architecture and provides his opinion. Obtaining such

permits is obligatory for repairs of roofs, façades, doors,

ZLQGRZV MRLQHU\ HOHPHQWV DQG IHQFHV 7KH DSSURSULDWH-

ness of selected building materials and suggested outdoor

DGYHUWLVHPHQWVDVZHOODVOLJKWLQJLVDOVRYHUL¿HG

+RZHYHUWKHWRZQLVQRWRQO\LWVDUFKLWHFWXUHDQGLWVXU-

EDQOD\RXW:KDWLVRIJUHDWVLJQL¿FDQFHLVDOVRWKHXQLTXH

cultural heritage of that region, including history, tradition,

DQGWKHDWPRVSKHUHRIWKHZKROHFRDVW7KLVKHULWDJHKDV

a lot of spectacular aspects such as for example the se-

lection of that very region of north Normandy by impres-

VLRQLVWSDLQWHUVGXHWRLWVVSHFLDOEULJKWOLJKW6XFKZRUNV

E\&ODXGH0RQHWDVImpression, Sunrise Fishing

Boats Leaving the Port of Le HavreRU The Beach

at TrouvilleWHVWLI\WRWKDW7KHUHLVHYHQD3ROLVK

aspect of that heritage because The Beach at Pourville±

WKHRQO\SDLQWLQJE\&ODXGH0RQHWLQWKH3ROLVKDUWFROOHF-

WLRQVIURP±ZDVVWROHQIURPWKH0XVHXPLQ3R]QDĔ

LQ6HSWHPEHU7HQ\HDUVODWHULWZDV¿QDOO\IRXQGLQ

WKHFLW\RI2ONXV]KLGGHQLQDZDUGUREH

7KHZRUNVRILPSUHVVLRQLVWVDVZHOODVFRQWHPSRUDU\

)UHQFKSDLQWLQJVDUHSUHVHQWLQWKHVSDFHRIWKHWRZQ±MXVW

OLNHWKHWUDJLFKLVWRU\RIWKH

FHQWXU\7ZRZRUOGZDUV

VZHSWWKURXJKWKDWODQG7KHUHPDLQVRIDEDQGRQHGIRUWL-

¿FDWLRQVDVZHOODVWKHUXLQVRIWKH$WODQWLF:DOODUHVWLOO

visible and they often dominate the landscape. There are

PHPRULHVRIDQXPEHURIODQGLQJV±IRULQVWDQFHWKH&DQD-

GLDQWURRSVODQGHGLQ0HUVOHV%DLQHV$IWHUWKDWDORWRI

buildings, including great historical sites, disappeared for

ever, making room for cemeteries.

It is really because of a stroke of luck that the urban

DUFKLWHFWXUDOFRPSOH[RI0HUVOHV%DLQHVVWLOOH[LVWVDQG

is the only such group of architectural structures from that

SHULRGRQWKHZKROH)UHQFKFRDVW,WLVDXQLTXHHOHPHQWRI

the cultural heritage and an authentic document of the past

era, still interesting and still alive.

Translated by

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References

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>@ KWWSZZZFXOWXUHJRXYIUFXOWXUHLQYHQWDLLWLLQY0HUVLPDJHV

WH[WHDFFHVV

>@ KWWSZZZFXOWXUHJRXYIUFXOWXUHLQYHQWDLLWLLQY0HUVLPDJHVWH-

[WHPDLVRQBPHUVRLVHVW\OHBQDSROHRQMSJDFFHVV

>@ ZZZFXOWXUHJRXYIU0HUVWH[WHODBYLOODBULS DFFHVV

>@ KWWSLQYHQWDLUHSLFDUGLHIUDFFHVV

>@ KWWSZZZYLOOHPHUVOHVEDLQVIUDFFHVV

>@ KWWSZZZYLOOHPHUVOHVEDLQVIUVLWHSDJHVYLYUHXUEDQLVPHUHJOH-

PHQWSGIDFFHVV

Town-museum. Impression of Normandy 11

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E\áDZSá\ZDPLDQJORÀDPDQG]NLPL]RGF]XZDOQąUyĪQRURGQRĞFLąSUR-

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VLĊFRUD]EDUG]LHMLPSRQXMąFH:WU]HFLHMID]LHZ F]DVDFKĞZLHWQRĞFL

DUFKLWHNWXUD]DF]HUSQĊáD]RE¿WRĞFLZ]RUFyZ]DZDUW\FKZNZLDWRZ\P

stylu Art Nouveau.

Miasto-muzeum. Impresja z Normandii

.H\ZRUGVNormandy, urban planning, architecture 6áRZDNOXF]RZH Normandia, urbanistyka, architektura

Town-museum. Impression of Normandy

Maria J. Żychowska

doi:10.5277/arc120202

Abstract